Strategic Petroleum Reserves战略石油储备

🇺🇸 United States SPR · live (EIA, weekly)美国战略石油储备 · 实时(EIA,每周)

317MMbbl百万桶
Government-owned strategic crude · authorized capacity政府持有战略原油 · 授权容量 714 MMbbl百万桶
44.3% full已注满714 MMbbl百万桶
4-week4周
-23.7 M
52-week52周
-86 M
Import cover进口覆盖
167 d

Strategic context战略背景

All-time peak历史峰值727 M Jan 2010
Below peak低于峰值−410 M
Record low历史低点270 M Aug 1982
Above low高于低点+46 M
Days of net-import cover净进口可供天数167 SPR ÷ net crude imports (EIA, live)战略储备 ÷ 原油净进口(EIA,实时)
US crude trade美国原油贸易6.07 imp / 4.17 exp · 1.9 net Mb/d · 1y avg百万桶/日 · 1年均
Days of US refinery runs美国炼厂可供天数18.5 SPR alone仅战略储备
Read this as context, not a signal请作为背景而非信号解读
A strategic reserve is a political supply lever, not a price signal. Releases and refills are coincident supply/demand events with weak, regime-dependent forward-return content — so this is context, not a buy/sell. Only the US (EIA, weekly) and Japan break out government strategic stocks; JODI figures are TOTAL national crude stocks (government + industry + commercial), lag ~1-2 months, and China does not report to JODI (curated estimate shown).战略储备是政治性的供给杠杆,而非价格信号。释放与回补属于同步发生的供需事件,其对未来收益的预测力较弱且依赖于市场环境——故此为背景参考,而非买卖建议。仅美国(EIA,每周)与日本单独披露政府战略储备;JODI 数据为各国原油总库存(政府+行业+商业),滞后约1-2个月,且中国不向 JODI 报送(此处显示估算值)。
SPR vs oil price战略储备与油价

US SPR level vs WTI / Brent美国战略储备水平 vs WTI / 布伦特

The 2022 release (~180 MMbbl) and the subsequent refill against crude prices. SPR moves are political supply events — they coincide with, but do not reliably lead, price.2022年释放(约1.8亿桶)及随后的回补对照原油价格。战略储备变动属政治性供给事件——与价格同步发生,但并不可靠地领先价格。

US SPR — full history (1982→)美国战略储备 — 完整历史(1982年至今)

The Cold-War strategic build, the 2022 drawdown to a ~40-year low, and the refill.冷战时期的战略储备建设、2022年降至约40年低点的释放,以及随后的回补。
Major countries — strategic reserves & national crude stocks主要国家 — 战略储备与国家原油库存
Strategic reserve = government-held (curated, dated, sourced — only the US & Japan publish a clean government breakout). Total crude stocks = live JODI national inventory (government + industry + commercial), lagged ~1-2 months.战略储备 = 政府持有(人工整理、注明日期与来源——仅美国与日本公布清晰的政府拆分)。原油总库存 = JODI 实时国家库存(政府+行业+商业),滞后约1-2个月。
Country国家 Strategic reserve战略储备 Total crude stocks (JODI)原油总库存(JODI) Days cover可供天数 Ownership / notes持有方 / 备注 Source · as of来源 · 截至
🇺🇸 United States美国 317 M live实时
Government政府
cap容量 714M · 44.4%
705 Mreportedreported
-18.4M/mo · 2026-04
net imp净进口 2.18M/d · ~324d cover覆盖
125
net crude imports原油净进口
Government — DOE Strategic Petroleum Reserve政府 — 能源部战略石油储备 EIA / U.S. DOE
2025-12
🇨🇳 China中国 360 M
Estimate估算
~1,400 M est估算 Government + commercial (opaque; not reported to JODI)政府 + 商业(不透明;不向 JODI 报送) EIA estimate (Vortexa / Kpler / Kayrros)
2025-12
🇯🇵 Japan日本 263 M
Government政府
+220M industry行业
330 Mreportedreported
-5.4M/mo · 2026-04
net imp净进口 2.25M/d · ~147d cover覆盖
146
domestic consumption (govt only)国内消费(仅政府)
Government 146d + ~70d industry-mandated政府 146 天 + 约 70 天行业强制储备 IEA / Japan Oil Stockpiling Act
2025-12
🇰🇷 South Korea韩国 79 M
Government政府
90 Mreportedreported
-13.1M/mo · 2026-04
net imp净进口 2.71M/d · ~33d cover覆盖
Government + industry (IEA member, 90d obligation)政府 + 行业(IEA 成员,90 天义务) IEA / KNOC
2025-12
🇮🇳 India印度 21 M
Government政府
+3M industry行业
45 Mestimateestimate
-17.1M/mo · 2026-03
net imp净进口 4.95M/d · ~9d cover覆盖
9.5
crude imports原油进口
Government (ISPRL) + 3 MMbbl ADNOC at Mangalore政府(ISPRL)+ 阿布扎比国油在芒格洛尔 300 万桶 ISPRL Annual Report 2025
2025-03
🇩🇪 Germany德国 134 Mreportedreported
-3.7M/mo · 2026-04
net imp净进口 1.61M/d · ~83d cover覆盖
Industry-held under EBV mandate (~90d net imports)行业按 EBV 强制持有(约 90 天净进口) IEA / EBV
2025-12
🇪🇺 OECD Europe (govt)经合组织欧洲(政府) 179 M
Government政府
not reported to JODI未向 JODI 报送 Aggregate government inventories across OECD Europe经合组织欧洲各国政府库存合计 IEA
2025-12
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia沙特阿拉伯 82 M
Commercial商业
140 Mestimateestimate
-12.7M/mo · 2026-04
net imp净进口 -6.22M/d
On-land commercial inventories (no public SPR breakout)境内商业库存(无公开战略储备拆分) Vortexa / Kpler estimate
2025-12
Global picture全球概览

Emergency oil stocks worldwide全球应急石油储备

IEA public emergencyIEA 公共应急储备
1,200
MMbbl · government-held百万桶 · 政府持有
Industry-mandated行业强制储备
600
MMbbl · on call by governments百万桶 · 政府可调用
JODI reporters — total crudeJODI 报送国 — 原油合计
1,697
14 countries · all stock types国 · 含各类库存
IEA obligationIEA 义务
90 days
min net-import cover per member成员国净进口最低覆盖
Official gold reserves — central banks官方黄金储备 — 央行
Top holders (shown)上榜持有量
27,417
tonnes · official吨 · 官方
Global official gold全球官方黄金
~36,000
tonnes · all central banks吨 · 全部央行
The structural bid结构性买盘
Central banks bought a record ~1,000+ tonnes/yr in 2022-2024 — the structural bid behind gold.央行在2022-2024年以每年约1000+吨的纪录速度增持——黄金背后的结构性买盘。
Tonnes = curated (World Gold Council / IMF IFS, as of吨位 = 人工整理(世界黄金协会/IMF IFS,截至 2025). Gold value & share of reserves = live World Bank)。黄金价值与占储备比例 = 世界银行实时数据 (2025), valued at market.,按市价计。
Country国家 Gold (tonnes)黄金(吨) Trend趋势 Gold value黄金价值 Share of reserves占储备比例
🇺🇸 United States美国 8,134 t stable持平 $1,142B
+67%/yr
82.4%
🇩🇪 Germany德国 3,352 t stable持平 $470B
+67%/yr
82.2%
🇮🇹 Italy意大利 2,452 t stable持平 $344B
+67%/yr
79.3%
🇫🇷 France法国 2,437 t stable持平 $342B
+67%/yr
79.9%
🇷🇺 Russia俄罗斯 2,336 t stable持平 $196B
+26%/yr
32.2%
🇨🇳 China中国 2,280 t accumulating增持 $324B
+69%/yr
8.6%
🇨🇭 Switzerland瑞士 1,040 t stable持平 $146B
+67%/yr
13.6%
🇮🇳 India印度 880 t accumulating增持 $124B
+68%/yr
17.7%
🇯🇵 Japan日本 846 t stable持平 $119B
+67%/yr
8.7%
🇳🇱 Netherlands荷兰 612 t stable持平 $86B
+67%/yr
72.9%
🇹🇷 Turkey土耳其 595 t accumulating增持 $114B
+76%/yr
61.4%
🇵🇱 Poland波兰 509 t accumulating增持 $77B
+106%/yr
28.4%
🇹🇼 Taiwan台湾 424 t stable持平 n/a
🇵🇹 Portugal葡萄牙 383 t stable持平 $54B
+67%/yr
78.1%
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia沙特阿拉伯 323 t stable持平 $45B
+67%/yr
9.0%
🇬🇧 United Kingdom英国 310 t stable持平 $44B
+67%/yr
20.3%
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan哈萨克斯坦 285 t accumulating增持 $48B
+101%/yr
72.5%
🇸🇬 Singapore新加坡 220 t accumulating增持 $27B
+47%/yr
6.3%
How to read this如何解读
Tonnes are curated from the World Gold Council / IMF IFS (no clean keyless feed exists) and updated periodically; the gold value and share-of-reserves are live from the World Bank (annual, valued at market). Central-bank gold is the one official-reserve series with documented forward content — sustained official buying has historically carried gold higher — but this remains a context read, not a trade signal.吨位数据来自世界黄金协会/IMF IFS 的人工整理(无干净的免密钥数据源),定期更新;黄金价值与占储备比例为世界银行实时数据(年度,按市价计)。央行黄金是官方储备中唯一具有可考前瞻性的序列——持续的官方增持历史上推动金价上行——但这仍是背景参考,而非交易信号。
Strategic Reserves · built战略储备 · 生成于 2026-07-17 17:04 UTC · data as of数据截至 Jul 10, 2026. Sources: US SPR — EIA Weekly Petroleum Status Report (live). National crude stocks — JODI-Oil World Database (monthly, total stocks, reconciled to barrels). Strategic-reserve figures — EIA, IEA & national agencies (ISPRL, METI), each dated above. Official gold — World Bank (value & share of reserves, live) + World Gold Council / IMF IFS (tonnes, curated).数据来源:美国战略储备 — EIA 每周石油状况报告(实时)。各国原油库存 — JODI 石油世界数据库(月度,总库存,已换算为桶)。战略储备数据 — EIA、IEA 及各国机构(ISPRL、METI),均在上表注明日期。官方黄金 — 世界银行(价值与占储备比例,实时)+ 世界黄金协会/IMF IFS(吨位,人工整理)。 Display-only and never scored — strategic reserves are a policy lever, not a forecasting signal. Not investment advice.仅供展示,从不计入评分——战略储备是政策杠杆,而非预测信号。非投资建议。 Limitations:局限性: LIMITATIONS.md.